Rome, the Eternal City has embarked on an extraordinary event that has drawn pilgrims and visitors from around the globe for centuries: the Jubilee Year, Giubileo or Anno Santo. This sacred tradition, rooted in the heart of Catholicism, offers an opportunity for spiritual renewal, cultural immersion and exploration of the city’s timeless heritage. Whether you’re a devout believer or a curious traveller, the Jubilee is an event that showcases Rome’s rich history, vibrant traditions and unmatched beauty.
What Is the Jubilee Year?
The Jubilee Year is a special year of remission of sins and universal pardon in the Catholic Church, announced by the Pope. Traditionally held every 25 years, extraordinary Jubilees can also be proclaimed for significant occasions.
The upcoming Jubilee Year in 2025, declared by Pope Francis, is themed “Pilgrims of Hope” (Pellegrini di Speranza), emphasising the Church’s message of faith, hope, and unity in an ever-changing world.
The Rich History of the Jubilee Year
The Jubilee Year or Anno Santo, is deeply rooted in religious tradition, a sacred period of renewal, forgiveness, and spiritual reflection that has been celebrated for centuries. Its origins and evolution reveal not only its religious significance, but also its profound impact on Rome’s cultural, social, and historical landscape.
Biblical Beginnings
The concept of the Jubilee is inspired by the Old Testament, where it was first described in the Book of Leviticus (25:8-13). Every 50th year was proclaimed as a year of rest, liberation, and restoration for the people of Israel. During this time, debts were forgiven, slaves were freed and lands returned to their original owners; a divine mandate to restore balance and equity within the community.
The Catholic Church adapted this ancient tradition, giving it a distinctly spiritual meaning centred on redemption, penance and indulgences.
The First Jubilee: 1300
The first Holy Year was proclaimed by Pope Boniface VIII in 1300. Amid growing interest in pilgrimage and spiritual renewal, the Pope announced the Jubilee to encourage the faithful to seek God’s mercy through prayer, confession and acts of charity.
Historical accounts describe an unprecedented influx of pilgrims to Rome during this year. It is said that Pope Boniface VIII himself observed the pilgrims flocking to the city in such numbers that the bridges over the Tiber were constantly crowded. The enormous turnout underscored the desire of people to seek forgiveness and the Church’s authority in granting indulgences.
Evolution Through the Centuries
- Expansion of the Tradition
Originally intended as a centennial celebration, the Jubilee’s frequency was adjusted over time. In 1343, Pope Clement VI reduced the interval to every 50 years, while Pope Urban VI later changed it to 33 years to honour the lifespan of Jesus Christ. By 1475, Pope Paul II established the current interval of 25 years, ensuring that every generation could participate in this sacred tradition. - The Pilgrim Path
As the Jubilee evolved, a key element became the act of pilgrimage. Pilgrims would travel to Rome from far and wide to visit the city’s sacred sites, particularly the four major basilicas:
St. Peter’s Basilica
St. John Lateran
St. Paul Outside the Walls
Santa Maria Maggiore
Walking through the Holy Door of each basilica became an integral ritual, symbolising the passage from sin to grace and reconciliation with God.
- Extraordinary Jubilees
While regular Jubilees are celebrated every 25 years, Popes have occasionally proclaimed Extraordinary Jubilees to address specific themes or respond to significant events. For instance:
In 1933, Pope Pius XI declared a Jubilee to commemorate 1,900 years since the Passion of Christ.
In 2016, Pope Francis announced the Jubilee of Mercy, focusing on forgiveness and compassion in a world rife with division.
The Jubilee’s Impact on Rome
- Urban Development
The Jubilee often prompted significant architectural and infrastructural changes in Rome. Roads were widened, bridges constructed, and churches restored to accommodate the massive influx of pilgrims. For example, during the 1500 Jubilee, Pope Alexander VI commissioned the creation of the Via della Conciliazione, improving access to St. Peter’s Basilica. - Cultural Flourishing
Jubilees attracted artists, writers, and musicians who immortalised the event in their works. Pilgrims’ journey inspired hymns, paintings, and sculptures that celebrated the spirit of faith and renewal. - Economic Boost
The influx of pilgrims also brought a significant economic boost to Rome. Local businesses thrived as pilgrims required food, lodging, and souvenirs. Markets and trades flourished, intertwining the Jubilee’s spiritual purpose with its material impact.
Modern Jubilees
The Jubilee remains an essential tradition for the Catholic Church, continuing to adapt to the needs of the faithful. Modern Jubilees are characterised by inclusive themes that resonate with contemporary challenges. For instance, Pope Francis’ Jubilee of Mercy in 2016 emphasised the Church’s role in addressing social inequalities, climate change, and the refugee crisis.
The history of the Jubilee is not just a timeline of religious events but a testament to the enduring power of faith and its ability to unite people across centuries. Each Jubilee is a reminder of the spiritual and cultural richness that Rome continues to offer to the world.
Rome Comes Alive During the Jubilee
A Jubilee Year transforms Rome into a vibrant hub of activity and spirituality. Streets are adorned with banners, churches host special masses and events and the city’s cultural institutions join in the celebrations with exhibitions and performances.
For visitors, the Jubilee provides a unique lens to experience the Eternal City:
- Spiritual Pilgrimage: Walk the same paths as millions of pilgrims, from ancient times to today, as they seek to connect with their faith.
- Cultural Exploration: Visit iconic landmarks, basilicas, and museums showcasing treasures of art and history tied to Rome’s spiritual heritage.
- Gastronomic Delights: Indulge in Rome’s culinary offerings, from traditional pasta alla cacio e pepe to artisan gelato.
Key Events of the Jubilee Year
- Opening of the Holy Door at St. Peter’s Basilica: The symbolic start of the Jubilee Year.
- Pilgrim Paths: Designated routes connecting Rome’s basilicas, allowing visitors to follow in the footsteps of history.
- Major Celebrations: Special masses, concerts, and cultural events throughout the year.
- Community Gatherings: Initiatives that promote dialogue, unity, and acts of charity in the spirit of the Jubilee.
Tips for Experiencing the Jubilee Year
- Plan Ahead: Rome will be bustling with activity, so book accommodations, tours, and tickets in advance.
- Learn the History: A deeper understanding of the Jubilee’s traditions will enhance your experience.
- Explore Beyond the Crowds: Visit lesser-known churches and neighbourhoods to discover the quieter, authentic side of Rome.
- Engage with Locals: Participate in local events, learn a few Italian phrases, and savour the hospitality of the Roman people.
Essential Italian Phrases for a Seamless Visit to Rome During the Jubilee
At the Airport/Train Station
- Dov’è il centro di Roma?
(Where is the centre of Rome?) - Qual è il modo migliore per arrivare al Vaticano?
(What’s the best way to get to the Vatican?) - Dove posso prendere un taxi?
(Where can I get a taxi?)
At the Hotel
- Ho una prenotazione a nome di [Your Name].
(I have a reservation under the name [Your Name].) - A che ora è la colazione?
(What time is breakfast?) - C’è il Wi-Fi gratuito?
(Is there free Wi-Fi?)
At a Restaurant
- Mi porta il menu, per favore?
(Could you bring the menu, please?) - Vorrei una pasta alla carbonara, per favore.
(I’d like a pasta carbonara, please.) - Avete opzioni vegetariane?
(Do you have vegetarian options?) - Il conto, per favore.
(The bill/check, please.)
Visiting the Vatican and Major Basilicas
- Come arrivo a Piazza San Pietro?
(How do I get to St. Peter’s Square?) - Dove si trova la Porta Santa?
(Where is the Holy Door?) - Ci sono delle visite guidate disponibili?
(Are guided tours available?) - A che ora si celebra la messa?
(What time is Mass?)
Getting Around the City
- Dove posso comprare i biglietti per il bus/metro?
(Where can I buy bus/metro tickets?) - Quale linea porta al Colosseo?
(Which line goes to the Colosseum?) - Può mostrarmi sulla mappa?
(Can you show me on the map?)
Shopping and Souvenirs
- Quanto costa questo?
(How much is this?) - Avete souvenir del Giubileo?
(Do you have Jubilee souvenirs?) - Accettate carte di credito?
(Do you accept credit cards?)
Emergency and Help
- Mi sono perso/a. Può aiutarmi?
(I’m lost. Can you help me?) - C’è un pronto soccorso vicino?
(Is there an emergency room nearby?) - Dove si trova la farmacia più vicina?
(Where is the nearest pharmacy?)
Would you like to learn more Italian phrases to make your stay in Italy easier? Click the link below:
https://www.languagesalive.com/italian-language-for-travel/
Or, if you’re dreaming of escaping the bustling crowds to experience an authentic Italian town while still having easy access to Rome, we’ve got you covered. The Italian Journey offers the perfect blend of tranquillity and culture, allowing you to immerse yourself in the true essence of Italy. Contact us for more details at info@languagesalive.com
Join the Pilgrimage of Hope
Whether you’re visiting Rome for spiritual reasons, cultural exploration or both, the Jubilee Year offers a profound and enriching experience. It’s a time to reflect, connect, and marvel at the city that has been a beacon of faith and history for millennia.
Let the Jubilee Year inspire your journey to Rome, where ancient traditions meet modern aspirations and the Eternal City invites you to be part of its timeless story.
Buon viaggio e buon pellegrinaggio!